Extended-release (ER) opioid formulations are often targeted for misuse and abuse because they contain high amounts of opioid. An oral abuse-deterrent formulation of ER morphine sulfate tablets (morphine ARER [abuse-resistant extended-release], MorphaBondTM ER) resists physical manipulation and chemical extraction, forms a nonsyringeable material in liquid environments, and retains its ER characteristics despite manipulation. Morphine ARER is formulated with multiple overlapping physiochemical barriers instead of antagonists or aversive agents to deter misuse and abuse. When crushed and taken intranasally, morphine ARER has a 40% lower mean maximum drug-liking score than crushed intranasal morphine ER.
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